Compare Peru (2003) - French Guiana (2005)

Compare Peru (2003) z French Guiana (2005)

	Peru (2003)	French Guiana (2005)

Administrative divisions	24 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento) and 1 constitutional province* (provincia constitucional); Amazonas, Ancash, Apurimac, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Callao*, Cusco, Huancavelica, Huanuco, Ica, Junin, La Libertad, Lambayeque, Lima, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Moquegua, Pasco, Piura, Puno, San Martin, Tacna, Tumbes, Ucayali note: some reports indicate that the 24 departments and 1 constitutional province are now being referred to as regions; Peru is implementing a decentralization program whereby these 25 administrative divisions will begin to exercise greater governmental authority over their territories; in November 2002, voters chose their new regional presidents and other regional leaders; the authority that the regional government will exercise has not yet been clearly defined, but it will be devolved to the regions over the course of several years	none (overseas department of France)
Age structure	0-14 years: 33.5% (male 4,828,531; female 4,678,008) 15-64 years: 61.5% (male 8,794,799; female 8,689,072) 65 years and over: 5% (male 652,375; female 767,112) (2003 est.)	0-14 years: 29.3% (male 29,262/female 27,947) 15-64 years: 64.7% (male 67,895/female 58,534) 65 years and over: 6.1% (male 6,038/female 5,830) (2005 est.)
Agriculture - products	coffee, cotton, sugarcane, rice, wheat, potatoes, corn, plantains, coca; poultry, beef, dairy products, wool; fish	corn, rice, manioc (tapioca), sugar, cocoa, vegetables, bananas; cattle, pigs, poultry
Airports	233 (2002)	11 (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 49 over 3,047 m: 5 2,438 to 3,047 m: 20 1,524 to 2,437 m: 13 914 to 1,523 m: 9 under 914 m: 2 (2002)	total: 4 over 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 184 1,524 to 2,437 m: 23 914 to 1,523 m: 61 under 914 m: 100 (2002)	total: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 5 (2004 est.)
Area	total: 1,285,220 sq km land: 1.28 million sq km water: 5,220 sq km	total: 91,000 sq km land: 89,150 sq km water: 1,850 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Alaska	slightly smaller than Indiana
Background	Ancient Peru was the seat of several prominent Andean civilizations, most notably that of the Incas whose empire was captured by the Spanish conquistadores in 1533. Peruvian independence was declared in 1821, and remaining Spanish forces defeated in 1824. After a dozen years of military rule, Peru returned to democratic leadership in 1980, but experienced economic problems and the growth of a violent insurgency. President Alberto FUJIMORI's election in 1990 ushered in a decade that saw a dramatic turnaround in the economy and significant progress in curtailing guerrilla activity. Nevertheless, the president's increasing reliance on authoritarian measures and an economic slump in the late 1990s generated mounting dissatisfaction with his regime. FUJIMORI won reelection to a third term in the spring of 2000, but international pressure and corruption scandals led to his ouster by Congress in November of that year. A caretaker government oversaw new elections in the spring of 2001, which ushered in Alejandro TOLEDO as the new head of government.	First settled by the French in 1604, French Guiana was the site of notorious penal settlements until 1951. The European Space Agency launches its communication satellites from Kourou.
Birth rate	22.81 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)	20.7 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Budget	revenues: $10.4 billion expenditures: $10.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2002 est.)	revenues: $225 million expenditures: $390 million, including capital expenditures of $105 million (1996)
Capital	Lima	Cayenne
Climate	varies from tropical in east to dry desert in west; temperate to frigid in Andes	tropical; hot, humid; little seasonal temperature variation
Coastline	2,414 km	378 km
Constitution	31 December 1993	4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Peru conventional short form: Peru local long form: Republica del Peru local short form: Peru	conventional long form: Department of Guiana conventional short form: French Guiana local long form: none local short form: Guyane
Currency	nuevo sol (PEN)	-
Death rate	5.69 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)	4.85 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Debt - external	$29.2 billion (2002 est.)	$1.2 billion (1988)
Dependency status	-	overseas department of France
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador John R. DAWSON embassy: Avenida La Encalada, Cuadra 17s/n, Surco, Lima 33 mailing address: P. O. Box 1995, Lima 1; American Embassy (Lima), APO AA 34031-5000 telephone: [51] (1) 434-3000 FAX: [51] (1) 434-3037	none (overseas department of France)
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant) chancery: 1700 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 833-9860 through 9869 FAX: [1] (202) 659-8124 consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Denver, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Paterson (New Jersey), San Francisco, Washington (DC)	none (overseas department of France)
Disputes - international	Bolivia continues to press Chile and Peru to restore the Atacama corridor ceded to Chile in 1884	Suriname claims area between Riviere Litani and Riviere Marouini (both headwaters of the Lawa) in French Guiana
Economic aid - recipient	$895.1 million (1995)	NA
Economy - overview	Thanks to foreign investment and the cooperation between the government and the IMF and World Bank, growth was strong in 1994-97 and inflation was brought under control. In 1998, El Nino's impact on agriculture, the financial crisis in Asia, and instability in Brazilian markets undercut growth. The following year was again lean year for Peru, with the aftermath of El Nino and the Asian financial crisis working its way through the economy. Political instability resulting from the presidential election and FUJIMORI's subsequent departure from office limited growth in 2000. The downturn in the global economy further curtailed growth in 2001. President TOLEDO, who assumed the presidency in July 2001, has been working to reinvigorate the economy and reduce unemployment. Economic growth in 2002 is estimated at 4.8%, led by construction in the retail and gas sectors.	The economy is tied closely to the much larger French economy through subsidies and imports. Besides the French space center at Kourou (which accounts for 25% of GDP), fishing and forestry are the most important economic activities. Forest and woodland cover 90% of the country. The large reserves of tropical hardwoods, not fully exploited, support an expanding sawmill industry that provides sawn logs for export. Cultivation of crops is limited to the coastal area, where the population is largely concentrated; rice and manioc are the major crops. French Guiana is heavily dependent on imports of food and energy. Unemployment is a serious problem, particularly among younger workers.
Electricity - consumption	19.15 billion kWh (2001)	427.9 million kWh (2002)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - production	20.59 billion kWh (2001)	460.1 million kWh (2002)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 14.5% hydro: 84.7% nuclear: 0% other: 0.8% (2001)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Nevado Huascaran 6,768 m	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Bellevue de l'Inini 851 m
Environment - current issues	deforestation (some the result of illegal logging); overgrazing of the slopes of the costa and sierra leading to soil erosion; desertification; air pollution in Lima; pollution of rivers and coastal waters from municipal and mining wastes	NA
Environment - international agreements	party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol	-
Ethnic groups	Amerindian 45%, mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 37%, white 15%, black, Japanese, Chinese, and other 3%	black or mulatto 66%, white 12%, East Indian, Chinese, Amerindian 12%, other 10%
Exchange rates	nuevo sol per US dollar - 3.52 (2002), 3.51 (2001), 3.49 (2000), 3.38 (1999), 2.93 (1998)	Euros per US dollar - 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Alejandro TOLEDO Manrique (since 28 July 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government; additionally two vice presidents are provided for by the constitution, First Vice President Raul DIEZ Canseco (since 28 July 2001) and Second Vice President David WAISMAN (since 28 July 2001) head of government: President Alejandro TOLEDO Manrique (since 28 July 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government; additionally two vice presidents are provided for by the constitution, First Vice President Raul DIEZ Canseco (since 28 July 2001) and Second Vice President David WAISMAN (since 28 July 2001) note: Prime Minister Carlos FERRERO Costa (since 15 December 2003) does not exercise executive power; this power is in the hands of the president; note - Beatriz MERINO was asked to resign on 12 December 2003 and was replaced by Carlos FERRERO Costa three days later cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; special presidential and congressional elections held 8 April 2001, with runoff election held 3 June 2001; next to be held 9 April 2006 election results: President Alejandro TOLEDO Manrique elected president in runoff election; percent of vote - Alejandro TOLEDO Manrique 53.1%, Alan GARCIA 46.9%	chief of state: President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by Prefect Ange MANCINI (since 31 July 2002) head of government: President of the General Council Joseph HO-TEN-YOU (since 26 March 2001); President of the Regional Council Antoine KARAM (since 22 March 1992) cabinet: NA elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; presidents of the General and Regional Councils are appointed by the members of those councils
Exports	NA (2001)	NA
Exports - commodities	fish and fish products, gold, copper, zinc, crude petroleum and byproducts, lead, coffee, sugar, cotton	shrimp, timber, gold, rum, rosewood essence, clothing
Exports - partners	US 28.1%, China 10.5%, UK 7%, Switzerland 6.1%, Japan 5.6% (2002)	France 62%, Switzerland 7%, US 2% (2001)
Fiscal year	calendar year	calendar year
Flag description	three equal, vertical bands of red (hoist side), white, and red with the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a shield bearing a vicuna, cinchona tree (the source of quinine), and a yellow cornucopia spilling out gold coins, all framed by a green wreath	the flag of France is used
GDP	purchasing power parity - $138.8 billion (2002 est.)	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 10% industry: 27% services: 63% (2001 est.)	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $5,000 (2002 est.)	purchasing power parity - $8,300 (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	5.3% (2002 est.)	NA%
Geographic coordinates	10 00 S, 76 00 W	4 00 N, 53 00 W
Geography - note	shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake, with Bolivia; a remote slope of Nevado Mismi, a 5,316 m peak, is the ultimate source of the Amazon River	mostly an unsettled wilderness; the only non-independent portion of the South American continent
Highways	total: 72,900 km paved: 9,331 km unpaved: 63,569 km (1999 est.)	total: 817 km (1998)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: 1.6% highest 10%: 35.4% (1996)	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs	until 1996 the world's largest coca leaf producer; emerging opium producer; cultivation of coca in Peru increased by 8% to 36,600 hectares between 2001 and the end of 2002; much of the cocaine base is shipped to neighboring Colombia for processing into cocaine, while finished cocaine is shipped out from Pacific ports to the international drug market; increasing amounts of base and finished cocaine, however, are being moved to Brazil and Bolivia for use in the Southern Cone or transshipped to Europe and Africa	small amount of marijuana grown for local consumption; minor transshipment point to Europe
Imports	NA (2001)	NA
Imports - commodities	machinery, transport equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum, iron and steel, chemicals, pharmaceuticals	food (grains, processed meat), machinery and transport equipment, fuels and chemicals
Imports - partners	US 26.1%, Chile 7.9%, Spain 5.1%, Colombia 5%, Brazil 4.7%, Venezuela 4.7%, Argentina 4.3% (2002)	France 63%, US, Trinidad and Tobago, Italy (2002 est.)
Independence	28 July 1821 (from Spain)	none (overseas department of France)
Industrial production growth rate	6.5% (2002 est.)	NA%
Industries	mining of metals, petroleum, fishing, textiles, clothing, food processing, cement, auto assembly, steel, shipbuilding, metal fabrication	construction, shrimp processing, forestry products, rum, gold mining
Infant mortality rate	total: 36.97 deaths/1,000 live births male: 42.04 deaths/1,000 live births female: 31.66 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)	total: 12.07 deaths/1,000 live births male: 12.91 deaths/1,000 live births female: 11.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	0.2% (2002 est.)	1.5% (2002 est.)
International organization participation	ABEDA, APEC, CAN, ECLAC, FAO, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LAES, LAIA, MONUC, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMEE, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO	UPU, WCL, WFTU
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	10 (2000)	-
Irrigated land	11,950 sq km (1998 est.)	20 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (judges are appointed by the National Council of the Judiciary)	Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel (highest local court based in Martinique with jurisdiction over Martinique, Guadeloupe, and French Guiana)
Labor force	7.5 million (2000 est.)	58,800 (1997)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture, mining and quarrying, manufacturing, construction, transport, services	agriculture 18.2%, industry 21.2%, services, government, and commerce 60.6% (1980)
Land boundaries	total: 5,536 km border countries: Bolivia 900 km, Brazil 1,560 km, Chile 160 km, Colombia 1,496 km (est.), Ecuador 1,420 km	total: 1,183 km border countries: Brazil 673 km, Suriname 510 km
Land use	arable land: 2.85% permanent crops: 0.38% other: 96.77% (1998 est.)	arable land: 0.14% permanent crops: 0.05% other: 99.81% (90% forest, 10% other) (2001)
Languages	Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara	French
Legal system	based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction	French legal system
Legislative branch	unicameral Congress of the Republic of Peru or Congreso de la Republica del Peru (120 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 8 April 2001 (next to be held 9 April 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - Peru Posible 26.3%, APRA 19.7%, Unidad Nacional 13.8%, FIM 11.0%, others 29.2%; seats by party - Peru Posible 47, APRA 28, Unidad Nacional 17, FIM 11, others 17	unicameral General Council or Conseil General (19 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms) and a unicameral Regional Council or Conseil Regional (31 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms) elections: General Council - last held NA March 2000 (next to be held NA 2006); Regional Council - last held 15 March 1998 (next to be held NA 2004) election results: General Council - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PSG 5, various left-wing parties 5, independents 7, other 2; Regional Council - percent of vote by party - PS 28.28%, various left parties 22.56%, RPR 15.91%, independents 8.6%, Walwari Committee 6%; seats by party - PS 11, various left parties 9, RPR 6, independents 3, Walwari Committee 2 note: one seat was elected to the French Senate on 27 September 1998 (next to be held September 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; 2 seats were elected to the French National Assembly on 9 June-16 June 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UMP/RPR 1, Walwari Committee 1
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 70.88 years male: 68.45 years female: 73.43 years (2003 est.)	total population: 77.09 years male: 73.77 years female: 80.58 years (2005 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 90.9% male: 95.2% female: 86.8% (2003 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 83% male: 84% female: 82% (1982 est.)
Location	Western South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Chile and Ecuador	Northern South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Brazil and Suriname
Map references	South America	South America
Maritime claims	continental shelf: 200 NM territorial sea: 200 NM	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine	total: 5 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 29,470 GRT/45,451 DWT ships by type: cargo 4, petroleum tanker 1 note: includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: US 1 (2002 est.)	registered in other countries: 3
Military - note	-	defense is the responsibility of France
Military branches	Army (Ejercito Peruano), Navy (Marina de Guerra del Peru; includes Naval Air, Marines, and Coast Guard), Air Force (Fuerza Aerea del Peru; FAP), National Police (includes General Police, Security Police, and Technical Police)	no regular military forces; Gendarmerie
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$1 billion (FY01)	$NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	1.8% (FY01)	NA
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 7,510,882 (2003 est.)	-
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 5,045,619 (2003 est.)	-
Military manpower - military age	17 years of age (2003 est.)	-
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	males: 281,717 (2003 est.)	-
National holiday	Independence Day, 28 July (1821)	Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
Nationality	noun: Peruvian(s) adjective: Peruvian	noun: French Guianese (singular and plural) adjective: French Guianese
Natural hazards	earthquakes, tsunamis, flooding, landslides, mild volcanic activity	high frequency of heavy showers and severe thunderstorms; flooding
Natural resources	copper, silver, gold, petroleum, timber, fish, iron ore, coal, phosphate, potash, hydropower, natural gas	bauxite, timber, gold (widely scattered), petroleum, kaolin, fish, niobium, tantalum, clay
Net migration rate	-1.03 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)	5.11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Pipelines	gas 388 km; oil 1,557 km; refined products 13 km (2003)	-
Political parties and leaders	Peruvian Aprista Party or PAP [Alan GARCIA]; Independent Moralizing Front or FIM [Fernando OLIVERA Vega]; National Unity (Unidad Nacional) or UN [Lourdes FLORES Nano]; Peru Posible or PP [Luis SOLARI]; Popular Action or AP [Javier DIAZ Orihuela]; Solucion Popular [Carlos BOLANA]; Somos Peru or SP [Alberto ANDRADE]; Union for Peru or UPP [Roger GUERRA Garcia]	Guyanese Democratic Action or ADG [Andre LECANTE]; Guyanese Socialist Party or PSG [Marie-Claude VERDAN]; Guyana Democratic Forces or FDG [Georges OTHILY]; Popular National Guyanese Party or PNPG [Jose DORCY]; Socialist Party or PS [Paul DEBRIETTE]; Union for a Popular Movement or UMP (includes RPR) [Muriel ICARE]; Walwari Committee (aligned with the PRG in France) [Christine TAUBIRA-DELANON]
Political pressure groups and leaders	leftist guerrilla groups include Shining Path [Abimael GUZMAN Reynoso (imprisoned), Gabriel MACARIO (top leader at-large)]; Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement or MRTA [Victor POLAY (imprisoned), Hugo AVALLENEDA Valdez (top leader at-large)]	NA
Population	28,409,897 (July 2003 est.)	195,506 (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line	50% (2000 est.)	NA%
Population growth rate	1.61% (2003 est.)	2.1% (2005 est.)
Ports and harbors	Callao, Chimbote, Ilo, Matarani, Paita, Puerto Maldonado, Salaverry, San Martin, Talara, Iquitos, Pucallpa, Yurimaguas note: Iquitos, Pucallpa, and Yurimaguas are all on the upper reaches of the Amazon and its tributaries	Degrad des Cannes
Radio broadcast stations	AM 472, FM 198, shortwave 189 (1999)	AM 2, FM 14 (including 6 repeaters), shortwave 6 (including 5 repeaters) (1998)
Railways	total: 1,829 km standard gauge: 1,515 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 314 km 0.914-m gauge (2002)	-
Religions	Roman Catholic 90%	Roman Catholic
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2003 est.)	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.16 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.04 male(s)/female total population: 1.12 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: adequate for most requirements domestic: nationwide microwave radio relay system and a domestic satellite system with 12 earth stations international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); Pan American submarine cable	general assessment: NA domestic: fair open-wire and microwave radio relay system international: country code - 594; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	1.8 million (2000)	51,000 (2001)
Telephones - mobile cellular	504,995 (1998)	138,200 (2002)
Television broadcast stations	13 (plus 112 repeaters) (1997)	3 (plus eight low-power repeaters) (1997)
Terrain	western coastal plain (costa), high and rugged Andes in center (sierra), eastern lowland jungle of Amazon Basin (selva)	low-lying coastal plains rising to hills and small mountains
Total fertility rate	2.81 children born/woman (2003 est.)	3.01 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate	9.4%; widespread underemployment (2002 est.)	22% (2001)
Waterways	8,808 km note: 8,600 km of navigable tributaries of Amazon system and 208 km of Lago Titicaca	3,760 km note: 460 km navigable by small oceangoing vessels and coastal and river steamers, 3,300 km by native craft (2004)

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